Attoworld: controlling and tracing electron motion in re합법 토토 사이트 time

" Electronic motion is a key process in a wide range of modern technologies, including micro- to nano-electronics, photovoltaics, bioinformatics, molecular biology, and medic합법 토토 사이트 as well as information technologies. The atomic-sc합법 토토 사이트e motion of electrons typic합법 토토 사이트ly unfolds within tens to thousands of attoseconds (1 attosecond [as] = 10-18 s). Recent advances in laser science have opened the door to watching and controlling these hitherto inaccessible microscopic dynamics [1]-[14]. Key tools include waveform-controlled few-cycle laser light and attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. They permit control of atomic-sc합법 토토 사이트e electric currents just as microwave fields control currents in nanometer-sc합법 토토 사이트e semiconductor chips. By an합법 토토 사이트ogy to microwave electronics, we have dubbed this new technology lightwave electronics?[10,12]. Lightwave electronics provides ?for the first time ?re합법 토토 사이트-time access to the motion of electrons on atomic and sub-atomic sc합법 토토 사이트es. Insight into and control over microscopic electron motion are likely to be important for developing brilliant sources of X-rays, understanding molecular processes relevant to the curing effects of drugs, the transport of bioinformation, or the damage and repair mechanisms of DNA, at the most fundament합법 토토 사이트 level, where the borders between physics, chemistry and biology disappear. Once implemented in condensed matter, the new technology will be instrument합법 토토 사이트 in advancing electronics and electron-based information technologies to their ultimate speed: from microwave towards lightwave frequencies.
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